Evaluating the efficiency of PEM electrolyzers is paramount for determining their viability within sustainable energy systems. Factors such as operating conditions significantly affect both efficiency and cost. A comprehensive analysis should consider the impact of various parameters,

PEM electrolyzers have emerged as a promising technology for the environmentally friendly production of hydrogen. These devices utilize a proton exchange membrane (PEM) to split water into its constituent elements: oxygen and hydrogen. The PEM acts as a permeable barrier, allowing protons to pass

PEM electrolyzer technology has undergone significant progresses in recent years, driven by the growing demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions. These advancements encompass improvements in catalyst materials, membrane performance, and system configuration. As a result, PEM electrolyzer